Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/251967669?client_source=feed&format=rss
Saturday, September 29, 2012
Friday, September 28, 2012
Identification of microbes in healthy lungs sheds light on cystic fibrosis
ScienceDaily (Sep. 27, 2012) ? Healthy people's lungs are home to a diverse community of microbes that differs markedly from the bacteria found in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. That's the result of new research from Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, which has wide implications for treatment of cystic fibrosis and other lung diseases.
"The lung is not a sterile organ," said David Cornfield, MD, an author of the new study, published Sept. 26 in Science Translational Medicine. Although decades of received scientific wisdom said healthy lungs lacked resident microbes, scientists had begun questioning that notion. "This research confirmed a long-held suspicion that a forest of microbes exists in both healthy and diseased lungs," said Cornfield, a pulmonologist at Packard Children's and a professor of pediatrics in pulmonary medicine at the School of Medicine. "More surprising, our data presents a suggestion that the lung flora provides microbial homeostasis that might function to preserve health."
Healthy lungs' microbes have been overlooked in part because past research has focused heavily on lung diseases, Cornfield said. Another flaw in prior studies was a bias toward looking for micro-organisms that could be grown in labs. Many of the types of microbes that the Stanford researchers found in healthy lungs have never been cultured in a laboratory.
In contrast, a large body of research had previously shown chronic microbial colonization in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis, a genetic disease characterized by serious, progressive lung problems and death from respiratory failure. For instance, CF patients are vulnerable to chronic infection with the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can cause pneumonia.
The new study used sputum samples from 16 CF patients and nine healthy control patients. The scientists also analyzed lung tissue samples from seven patients' explanted lungs, the organs removed when the patients received lung transplants. (Three lung-transplant recipients had CF; four had other lung diseases.) The researchers extracted DNA from the sputum and tissue, and selectively copied genes coding for the 16S ribosomal gene sequences, which are found only in bacteria. The resulting genetic material was measured to determine which phyla, or families, of bacteria it came from and the relative contributions of each bacterial phylum to the total bacterial population in the lungs.
Several differences emerged between CF patients and healthy people's communities of lung bacteria. In general, healthy individuals had more diversity among their lung bacteria. Different bacterial phyla predominated in the two groups: members of the Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria phyla were much more prominent in healthy individuals, whereas CF patients had a larger percentage of Actinobacteria. Also, healthy people had a larger proportion of bacteria that had never been grown in a lab.
"I think the tendency toward decreased diversity can be metaphorically viewed as the same phenomenon that might happen in a rainforest," Cornfield said. "When the ecosystem of a rainforest is disturbed and one organism predominates, it undermines a carefully constructed balance and causes disturbances in overall ecosystem. I think it's reasonable to assume something similar could happen in the lung microbiome, where pathogenic bacteria may out-compete organisms that may play a salutary, health-affirming role."
The results open many questions for future research. No one has ever tested the idea that certain microbes benefit lung health, for instance. "We may need to consider strategies that allow favorable microbes to exist while eradicating disease-causing species," Cornfield said. "That paradigm, if it's true, would really turn the care of patients with pneumonia and other lower-airway diseases on its head." Future research might test whether CF or pneumonia patients could benefit from doses of probiotic bacteria to their lungs, he said.
In addition, no one is sure how the antibiotics often given to CF patients change the microbes in their lungs.
"The marked differences in composition and diversity of microbial communities from adults with cystic fibrosis and normal controls are intriguing," said Thomas Ferkol, MD, director of allergy, immunology and pulmonary medicine at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "The question that remains to be answered is whether these differences are directly related to the underlying lung disease or simply a consequence of frequent antibiotic use, which has been shown to change microbiota of the upper airways." Ferkol was not involved in the research.
More questions arise from the fact that bacterial profiles varied within the group of CF patients. CF patients differ widely in their disease progression, even when they have the same disease-causing gene mutations. It is possible that patients' lung function may be linked to the bacteria present in their lungs. The research team now plans to study whether individual patients' bacterial profiles can be used to predict their clinical condition.
Cornfield collaborated with first author Paul Blainey, PhD, previously a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford and now a faculty member at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Carlos Milla, MD, an associate professor of pediatrics in pulmonary medicine at Stanford and a pulmonologist at Packard Children's; and senior author Stephen Quake, PhD, professor of bioengineering and of applied physics at Stanford and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Story Source:
The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Stanford University Medical Center, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. The original article was written by Erin Digitale.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- P. C. Blainey, C. E. Milla, D. N. Cornfield, S. R. Quake. Quantitative Analysis of the Human Airway Microbial Ecology Reveals a Pervasive Signature for Cystic Fibrosis. Science Translational Medicine, 2012; 4 (153): 153ra130 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004458
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/_iuHkP9bvbk/120928103804.htm
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Futures dip as strong quarter for equities nears end
NEW YORK (Reuters) - U.S. stock index futures edged lower on Friday as investors locked in profit following steep gains in the previous session and as a strong quarter for equities draws to a close.
* Equities have advanced about 6.2 percent over the past three months, much of it linked to expectations for measures by central banks around the world to boost their economies.
* After those expectations were met, stocks have struggled for direction and trading has been thin, as investors looked to new catalysts amid lackluster data and lowered corporate earnings outlooks. Advance Micro Devices , which cut its outlook in July, has slumped 40 percent to be the S&P's worst performer this quarter.
* While the S&P climbed 1 percent on Thursday, its best daily gain since the Federal Reserved announced a new program of monetary easing September 13, the gain came on a plan for economic reform in Spain that was viewed as going beyond what the European Commission had asked of the country to help it tackle its debt.
* In company news, Nike Inc
* U.S. shares of Research in Motion
* S&P 500 futures fell 5.4 points and were below fair value, a formula that evaluates pricing by taking into account interest rates, dividends and time to expiration on the contract. Dow Jones industrial average futures lost 52 points and Nasdaq 100 futures sank 8.5 points.
* The S&P is down 0.9 percent this week so far, for a second straight week in the red, though Thursday's rally sharply narrowed losses from five straight days of declines. The Dow is down 0.7 percent for the week and the Nasdaq is down 1.4 percent.
* There may be volatility on Friday as investors "window dress," or undergo a last-minute push to reposition portfolios ahead of the quarter's end. MetroPCS
* In economic data, investors are looking ahead to August personal income and consumption data at 8:30 a.m. ET (1230 GMT). The Institute of Supply Management Chicago's September manufacturing activity index will be released later, as will the final September read of the Thomson Reuters-University of Michigan consumer sentiment index.
* Income and spending are seen rising modestly while the ISM index is seen holding steady at 53 and the sentiment index is seen moving to 79 from 79.2 in the preliminary report.
* The S&P snapped a five-day losing streak on Thursday, rallying on Spain's economic reform plan. The news overshadowed a weak read on gross domestic product and durable goods, though jobless claims were strong in the week.
(Editing by Bernadette Baum)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/stock-index-futures-point-slightly-higher-081153117--finance.html
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Monday, September 24, 2012
teeitupohio: Missing TIUO already? The last episode of the season - Red Tail Golf Club - reairs in 10 min on @SportsTimeOhio !
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Source: http://twitter.com/teeitupohio/statuses/249566490972549120
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6 Breathing Exercises to Relax in 10 Minutes or Less | Greatist
Over-worked, under-slept, and feeling the pressure like whoa? There are plenty of ways to find calm ? without investing in a four-hand spa massage. Turns out, all we need is a pair of healthy(ish) lungs, our breath, and 10 minutes or less. Here are six expert-approved ways to relax using breathing techniques borrowed from yoga, meditation, and even the therapist?s chair.
Illustration by Tanya Burr
Breathing Basics ? The Need-to-Know
Don?t wait ?til fight or flight kicks in before minding the breath. Controlled breathing not only keeps the mind and body functioning at their best, it can also lower blood pressure, promote feelings of calm and relaxation, and ? if we play our lungs right ? help us de-stress[][].
While the effects of breathing techniques on anxiety haven?t yet been studied at length (at least in a controlled clinical setting), many experts encourage using the breath as a means of increasing awareness, mindfulness, or, for the yogis among us, finding that elusive state of Zen. To get the bottom of the breath work, Greatist spoke to breathing expert Dr. Alison McConnell, yoga instructor Rebecca Pacheco, and psychologist?Dr. Ellen Langer. But follow closely: Breathing easy isn?t quite as easy as it sounds!
Mind Over Matter ? Your Action Plan
From the confines of a bed, a desk, or any place where negativity finds its way, consider these six techniques to help keep calm and carry on.
Sama Vritti or ?Equal Breathing?
How it?s done:?Balance can do a body good, beginning with the breath[]. To start, inhale for a count of four, then exhale for a count of four (all through the nose, which adds a natural resistance to the breath). Got the basic pranayama down? More advanced yogis can aim for six to eight counts per breath with the same goal in mind: Calm the nervous system, increase focus, and reduce stress, Pacheco says.
When it works best: Anytime, anyplace ? but this is one technique that?s especially effective before bed. ?Similar to counting sheep,? Pacheco says, ?if you?re having trouble falling asleep, this breath can help take your mind off the racing thoughts, or whatever might be distracting you from sleep.?
Level of difficulty: Beginner
Abdominal Breathing Technique
How it?s done: With one hand on the chest and the other on the belly, take a deep breath in through the nose, ensuring the diaphragm (not the chest) inflates with enough air to create a stretch in the lungs. The goal: Six to 10 deep, slow breaths per minute for 10 minutes each day to experience immediate reductions to heart rate and blood pressure, McConnell says. Keep at it for six to eight weeks, and those benefits might stick around even longer.
When it works best: Before an exam, or any stressful event. But keep in mind, ?Those who operate in a stressed state all the time might be a little shocked how hard it is to control the breath,? Pacheco says. To help train the breath, consider biofeedback tools such as McConnell?s Breathe Strong app, which can help users pace their breathing wherever they are.
Level of difficulty: Beginner
Nadi Shodhana or ?Alternate Nostril Breathing?
How it?s done: A yogi?s best friend, this breath is said to bring calm and balance, and unite the right and left sides of the brain. Starting in a comfortable meditative pose, hold the right thumb over the right nostril and inhale deeply through the left nostril. At the peak of inhalation, close off the left nostril with the ring finger, then exhale through the right nostril. Continue the pattern, inhaling through the right nostril, closing it off with the right thumb, and exhaling through the left nostril.
When it works best: Crunch time, or whenever it?s time to focus or energize. Just don?t try this one before bed: Nadi shodhana is said to ?clear the channels? and make people feel more awake. ?It?s almost like a cup of coffee,? Pacheco says.
Level of difficulty: Intermediate
Kapalabhati or ?Skull Shining Breath?
How it?s done: Ready to brighten up your day from the inside out? This one begins with a long, slow inhale, followed by a quick, powerful exhale generated from the lower belly. Once comfortable with the contraction, up the pace to one inhale-exhale (all through the nose) every one to two seconds, for a total of 10 breaths.
When it works best: When it?s time to wake up, warm or, or to start looking on the brighter side of things. ?It?s pretty abdominal-intensive,? Pacheco says, ?but it will warm up the body, shake off stale energy, and wake up the brain.? If alternate nostril breathing is like coffee, consider this a shot of espresso, she says.
Level of difficulty: Advanced
Progressive Relaxation
How it?s done: To nix tension from head to toe, close the eyes and focus on tensing and relaxing each muscle group for two to three seconds each[]. Start with the feet and toes, then move up to the knees, thighs, rear, chest, arms, hands, neck, jaw, and eyes ? all while maintaining deep, slow breaths. Having trouble staying on track? Anxiety and panic specialist Dr. Patricia Farrell suggests we breathe in through the nose, hold for a count of five while the muscles tense, then breathe out through the mouth on release.
When it works best: At home, at a desk, or even on the road. One word of caution: Dizziness is never the goal. If holding the breath ever feels uncomfortable, tone it down to just a few seconds at most.?
Level of difficulty: Beginner
Guided Visualization
How it?s done: Head straight for that ?happy place,? no questions asked. With a coach, therapist, or helpful recording as your guide, breathe deeply while focusing on pleasant, positive images to replace any negative thoughts. Psychologist Dr. Ellen Langer explains that while it?s just one means of achieving mindfulness, ?Guided visualization helps puts you in the place you want to be, rather than letting your mind go to the internal dialogue that is stressful.?
When it works best: Pretty much any place you can safely close your eyes and let go (e.g. not at the wheel of a car).
Level of difficulty: Intermediate
While stress, frustration, and other daily setbacks will always be there, the good news is, so will our breath.
This article has been read and approved by Greatist Experts Dr. Ellen Langer and Rebecca Pacheco.
Do you use breath as a way to relax? Tell us in the comments below, or tweet the author at @jshakeshaft.
Source: http://greatist.com/happiness/breathing-exercises-relax/
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Obama, Romney trade tough words over attacks
Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney makes comments on the killing of U.S. embassy officials in Benghazi, Libya, while speaking in Jacksonville, Fla., Wednesday, Sept. 12, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)
Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney makes comments on the killing of U.S. embassy officials in Benghazi, Libya, while speaking in Jacksonville, Fla., Wednesday, Sept. 12, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)
President Barack Obama speaks during a campaign event at the Cashman Center, Wednesday, Sept. 12, 2012, in Las Vegas. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster)
WASHINGTON (AP) ? With a beloved ambassador dead and anti-American turmoil in Arab nations spreading, the presidential candidates are challenging each other's foreign policy credentials and squaring off over how the United States handles its place in the world.
At a rally Thursday in northern Virginia, Romney was expected to argue that the upheaval abroad showed the need for more American strength on foreign and domestic matters. He was ready to link both themes while maintaining a focus on the economy by accusing President Barack Obama's policies toward China of driving away U.S. jobs, campaign aides said.
Romney has suggested that Obama is weak and didn't react quickly enough to condemn attacks on U.S. missions overseas. He was backed up Thursday by the party's last presidential nominee, Sen. John McCain, who said the president's "feckless foreign policy" has weakened America.
Democrats have responded by suggesting that Romney is reckless and untested as a world leader, with Obama accusing him of having "a tendency to shoot first and aim later."
The campaign barbs came as protesters angered by an anti-Muslim film from a California filmmaker took to the streets and attacked a third U.S. mission this week. On Thursday, hundreds of demonstrators chanting "death to America" stormed the U.S. Embassy compound in Yemen's capital and burned the U.S. flag, replacing it with a black banner bearing Islam's declaration of faith ? "There is no God but Allah."
Those protests followed attacks in first in Egypt, where scuffles persisted Thursday between police and protesters near the U.S. Embassy in Cairo. They then spread to Libya, leading to the death of American Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans at the U.S. consulate. The Obama administration is dispatching two warships to the Libyan coast, ready to respond to any mission ordered by the president, who vowed Wednesday that "justice will be done."
Romney responded by criticizing Obama for having "a hit-or-miss approach" on foreign policy and tried to blame the president for an early statement from the embassy in Cairo that criticized the film as protests were forming. Romney incorrectly said the statement came after the embassy's grounds had been breached and added that the president is responsible for the words that come from his diplomats around the world.
"They clearly sent mixed messages to the world," Romney told reporters while campaigning Wednesday in Florida. "The statement that came from the administration was a statement which is akin to an apology and I think was a severe miscalculation."
Obama responded to his rival in an interview with CBS News' "60 Minutes" later in the day. "It appears that Gov. Romney didn't have his facts right," Obama said. He added that as president "it's important for you to make sure that the statements you make are backed up by the facts, and that you've thought through the ramifications before you make them."
Congressional Democrats spoke in sync with the president and accused Romney of mishandling international affairs and trying to politicize a tragedy. Republicans were less unified ? some questioned Romney's handling of national security measures and top GOP leaders in Congress did not echo his criticisms of the president. Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky said Obama "correctly tightened the security overseas." Asked about Romney's remarks, he declined to answer and walked toward his office in the Capitol.
But McCain agreed the embassy response was weak and accused Obama of compromising American influence around the world.
"I'd like to see the president of the United States speak up once for the 20,000 people that are being massacred in Syria," McCain told NBC's "Today" show.
Liz Cheney, who worked was a senior official at the State Department while her father was vice president, said in a Wall Street Journal opinion piece that Obama has weakened America on the economy and has "an even more dismal national security record."
"Apologizing for America, appeasing our enemies, abandoning our allies and slashing our military are the hallmarks of Mr. Obama's foreign policy," she wrote.
The unrest overseas abruptly shifted the campaign's focus from jobs and the economy to international affairs. That could benefit Obama, who is seen as weaker on economic issues but a leader on the world stage. An Associated Press-GfK poll taken before the party's nominating conventions found Obama, who ended the war in Iraq and led the killing of Osama bin Laden, with a big advantage as the stronger leader of the two candidates, 50 percent to 41 percent among registered voters. In an NBC/WSJ poll in August, 46 percent of registered voters said Obama would be a more "calm and steady leader in a crisis," while 34 percent said Romney would be better and 12 percent said both would be equally good. But the crisis could change Americans' view of Obama's leadership less than eight weeks before the election in a campaign that has remained close for months.
Economic concerns could play a more prominent role Thursday, when Romney appears at a rally in the Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C., and Obama campaigns in Colorado's Denver suburbs. Obama carried both states in 2008, but they remain up for grabs and heavily contested by both campaigns.
The Labor Department announced Thursday that rising gasoline costs drove up U.S. wholesale prices last month by the most in more than three years. The Federal Reserve also was expected to announce later in the day whether it plans to take new steps to jumpstart the U.S. economy. Many anticipate the Fed will launch a third round of bond purchases aimed at easing long-term interest rates and spurring borrowing and spending.
___
Babington reported from Denver. AP White House Correspondent Ben Feller in Sterling, Va., contributed to this report.
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iOS 6 coming soon, here's what's new
12 hrs.
We first heard about iOS 6?during the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in June, but on Thursday,?Apple's senior vice president of iOS Software Scott Forstall finally shared more details about the latest version of the company's mobile operating system ??and revealed that?we're getting it on Sept. 19.
The new iPhone 5 will ship on Sept. 21 with iOS 6 preloaded, but folks who own an iPhone 3GS, an?iPhone 4, an iPhone 4S, a?fourth-generation iPod Touch, an?iPad 2 or a?third-generation iPad will be able to download the software update for free on Sept. 19.
As we've learned during WWDC, iOS 6 will bring over 200 new features to customers. "We think you?re going to love it," Forstall says.
Siri
Siri's gotten a lot?smarter in iOS 6. She's learned a lot of new languages (Italian, Mandarin,?Cantonese, and more) and become friends with a lot of new services (such as OpenTable, Yelp, Rotten Tomatoes, and others).
The personal assistant can now offer significantly more information when asked about sports, restaurants, movies and more. You can?make restaurant reservations or get movie reviews. Thanks to better support for Twitter,?you can also ask Siri to tweet for you.
It is now also finally possible to launch apps using Siri. Just tell her you want to "play Angry Birds" and see what happens.?
Facebook
The folks at?Apple integrated Facebook into iOS 6 in the same way they integrated Twitter into the last major version of iOS.?There's now a neat "tap to post" option in the Notification Center ?(and there's a "tap to tweet" button as well, of course).
Facebook is deeply integrated into the Calendar app?as well, meaning that Facebook events (and birthdays listed on Facebook) will appear on your device's calendar.
Reply with message or remind me later
If you find yourself in a situation where you're unable to take a call, you can now instruct your iPhone to send a pre-set message to the caller or to remind you to call the person back. This is incredibly handy if you're in a rush and not in the mood to pick up a call just to say "I'm busy. I'll call you back."
Do not disturb
A "do not disturb" feature was added in iOS 6. It means that you can tell your phone that it should silence alerts or incoming calls for a while, so that you can sleep in peace or enjoy a quiet, interruption-free evening with someone special.
This do not disturb feature allows for a lot of fine-tuning, meaning that you can make sure that people in your "favorites" list or contacts will always ring through or that your phone should ring if someone calls twice within three minutes.
FaceTime
FaceTime now works over 3G, not just over Wi-Fi. And you don't have to worry about whether you're selecting someone's phone number or Apple ID when placing a FaceTime call?? because the two are?now united.
Photo?Stream
You can now easily share your Photo Streams with friends or family. All you have to do is choose a photo and an album to share ? your pals will receive a notification and the photos will appear in an album where they can comment.
Mail
The Mail app got some nice new tweaks. The VIPs feature will allow you to mark individuals as important, so that their emails will be starred and appear in a "flagged" mailbox. You can adjust alert settings for VIPs separately as well.
Oh, and it's now even simpler to add photos or videos into emails and?the inbox can be refreshed with a pull. Not bad!
Passbook
A?new app called Passbook allows you to collect and store boarding passes, discount cards, movie tickets, and all the things you'd normally have to print out and scan once you arrive at a business.?
Thanks to location support, the app will even pull up the relevant card once you are near the place where you'd use it. (This means that if you're near a Starbucks, Passbook would pull up your Starbucks card automatically, if you're at an airport, Passbook would pull up your boarding pass automatically, and so on.)?
As a bonus, the?cards in Passbook are live-updating, meaning that your boarding pass will always have the latest boarding information.
Guided access
Apple's adding something called guided access to iOS 6. This tool?will allow you to disable certain controls in order to make your device a bit more kid-friendly.
Maps
As confirmed in June, Apple's ditching Google Maps in iOS 6. It will use its own mapping solution now. There's Yelp integration, traffic information (with real-time crowd-sourced data), automatically re-adjusting routes, and the ability for Siri to answer the age-old "are we there yet?"
Apple's also adding something called "Flyover" to Maps. This feature makes the whole world look a bit like a Sim City game by showing 3-D models of geographical features and buildings.
The best part though, is the fact that there are now turn-by-turn directions in Maps. Siri is?now able to guide you to and from places. Downside is that there appear to be no public transportation directions in iOS 6, based on rumors.
Lost mode
The Find My iPhone feature now includes something called "lost mode." This mode will allow you to send a phone number to a missing device in order to allow whoever found it to call you. (This is, of course, assuming that someone is interested in tracking you down and returning your beloved iDevice.)
Safari
Safari now has iCloud tabs?? which allow for browsing sessions to be synced across your devices?? as well as an offline reading list. You'll now also be able to upload photos right from Safari to your favorite websites. Talk about time saving!
What else?
It's tough to cover all 200 of the new features found in iOS 6, but let's just say that there are plenty more little tweaks and gems to be found in the new mobile operating system. We'll give you a more thorough rundown soon.
Want more tech news?or interesting?links? You'll get plenty of both if you keep up with Rosa Golijan, the writer of this post, by following her on?Twitter, subscribing to her?Facebook?posts,?or circling her?on?Google+.
Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/gadgetbox/ios-6-coming-soon-heres-whats-new-986728
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Peres sets up $1 million grant for brain research
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foxnews Colorado shootings dark knight rises Aurora shooting James Eagan Holmes anne hathaway klimt
Friday, September 7, 2012
Colorado shooting suspect raised flags in Alabama
REUTERS/RJ Sangosti/Pool/Files
Colorado shooting suspect James Eagan Holmes makes his first court appearance in Aurora, Colo., in this file photo taken July 23, 2012.
By NBC News staff
James Holmes' personality and behavior during interviews raised concerns at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, where he was rejected as a candidate for the Ph.D. neuroscience program,?documents show. Holmes is charged with murder in the movie theater shooting in Aurora, Colo.
University officials?on Thursday released Holmes' application, which included interview review forms filled out by those who spoke with Holmes when he visited Alabama in February 2011. His rejection letter was dated March 31, 2011.
Professors noted Holmes was an "excellent applicant," but shy.?One professor noted "he may be extremely smart, but difficult to engage ? Hard to tell how interested he is.? Another wrote: ?I think he is a top student to recruit. His personality may not be as engaging as some applicants, but he is going to be a leader in the future.?
Read James Holmes' application to the University of Alabama, and resulting responses (PDF. is 30 pages)
Holmes later enrolled as a first-year Ph.D. student in a neuroscience program at the University of Colorado at Denver. He withdrew about six weeks before the July 20 rampage?at an Aurora movie theater. Police say the 24-year-old, wearing body armor and a gas mask and heavily armed, opened fire on an audience of the opening night of the Batman movie, "The Dark Knight Rises," killing 12 and wounding 58.
The University of Iowa also rejected Holmes, according to KUSA-TV, an NBC News affiliate in Denver. University records released last week show?Holmes was interviewed, but neuroscience program director Daniel Tranel wrote in an email: "James Holmes: Do NOT offer admission under any circumstances.?
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Psychology professor Mark Blumberg followed up with a separate email two days later to say he backed Tranel. "Don't admit," he wrote about Holmes. Blumberg recommended admission for two others, according to KUSA-TV.
Holmes' application to the University of Alabama contained glowing recommendation letters written by professors who worked with Holmes at the University of California, Riverside, KUSA-TV reported.?
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"James is among the top 1% of Honors students and is self-motivated, intelligent and driven," one letter stated. Another read: "I found James to be determined, hardworking, while at the same time inquisitive, showing a clear interest in the material."?Names of the professors had been redacted in the documents.
In his application to Alabama, Holmes wrote in his letter that he aspired ?to become a cognitive neuroscientist. I intend to continue performing research after graduate school in either academic or public sectors. My life-long goal is to increase the efficiency of how human beings learn and remember.?
KUSA-TV's Jeremy Jojola and NBC News's Sevil Omer contributed to this report.
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